Endometriosis is a chronic and often painful condition characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. This tissue, similar to the lining of the uterus, can develop on pelvic organs such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis. Endometriosis affects millions of women worldwide and can significantly impact quality of life, fertility, and overall well-being. While there is no cure for endometriosis, various treatment options are available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
The exact cause of endometriosis is not fully understood, but several theories have been proposed, including:
Backflow of menstrual blood into the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tubes, allowing endometrial cells to implant and grow on pelvic organs.
Hormonal or immune factors may trigger embryonic cells to transform into endometrial-like tissue.
Endometrial tissue may implant and grow on surgical scars from procedures such as hysterectomy or C-section.
Abnormalities in the immune system may fail to recognize and eliminate misplaced endometrial cells.
The symptoms of endometriosis can vary widely among individuals and may include:
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Diagnosing endometriosis can be challenging and often requires a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Key steps in diagnosing endometriosis include:
Gathering information about symptoms, menstrual history, and family history of endometriosis or related conditions.
Palpating the abdomen and pelvis to assess for any abnormalities, such as pelvic masses or tender areas.
Utilizing imaging modalities such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans to visualize pelvic organs and detect the presence of endometrial implants or cysts (endometriomas).
A minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a thin, lighted instrument (laparoscope) is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen to visualize pelvic organs and confirm the presence of endometrial implants. This is a definite method of diagnosis of endometriosis.
MBBS, MD – Obstetrics & Gynecology
Dr. Neelam Mishra is a highly qualified medical professional with an extensive background in obstetrics and gynaecology. She completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynecology from the prestigious University College of Medical Sciences, located in Shahadra, New Delhi. With a solid foundation in medical education and training, Dr. Mishra further honed her expertise by specialising in infertility and embryology.
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