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Male infertility refers to the inability of a man to achieve pregnancy with a fertile female partner despite regular, unprotected intercourse over one year. It is characterized by abnormalities in sperm production, function, or delivery, which hinder the fertilization of a female egg and subsequent conception.
Male infertility can stem from a multitude of factors, including:
A diminished quantity of sperm cells in the ejaculate, known as oligospermia, can impair fertility.
Factors such as abnormal morphology (size and shape) or reduced motility (movement) hinder sperm’s ability to reach and fertilize the egg.
Disruptions in hormonal levels, particularly testosterone and uncontrolled diabetes can impact sperm production and function.
Inherited conditions, such as Klinefelter syndrome or Y chromosome microdeletions, may contribute to infertility.
Factors like smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug abuse, obesity, and overheating of the testicles can adversely affect sperm production and quality.
Hypospadias and Retrograde Ejaculation
Symptoms of male infertility may include:
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Diagnostic tests for male infertility aim to assess sperm count, quality, and reproductive function. These may include:
To check the Motility index (sperm movement), and functional sperm concentration and especially important for successful IUI.
Measures hormone levels, including testosterone, estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin, to identify hormonal imbalances impacting fertility.
Identifies genetic abnormalities or chromosomal disorders that may contribute to infertility.
Ultrasound or other imaging modalities may be used to assess the reproductive organs for structural abnormalities or blockages.
In certain cases, additional tests such as sperm DNA fragmentation analysis or sperm function tests may be warranted to further evaluate fertility potential.
HbA1C tests. random blood sugar tests, T3, T4, TSH test
MBBS, MD – Obstetrics & Gynecology
Dr. Neelam Mishra is a highly qualified medical professional with an extensive background in obstetrics and gynaecology. She completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynecology from the prestigious University College of Medical Sciences, located in Shahadra, New Delhi. With a solid foundation in medical education and training, Dr. Mishra further honed her expertise by specialising in infertility and embryology.
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The main causes of male infertility are poor sperm quality and low sperm count.
The symptoms of male infertility include swelling, pain in the testicle area, erectile dysfunction, and retrograde ejaculation.
Retrograde ejaculation is the condition where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting the penis.
There are different treatments to treat male infertility such as
Different tests can help to diagnose infertility in males. Tests include automatic semen analysis, hormone testing, genetic testing, imaging studies, specialized tests like sperm DNA, and general tests like blood sugar tests, and TSH tests.
If you and your partner have been trying to conceive for more than a year, then you should consult with the doctor.
Risk factors include age, lifestyle choices (such as smoking, alcohol use, and drug use), and medical conditions.
To avoid infertility, try to live a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet, managing stress, regular exercise, and managing healthy weight.