Female infertility represents a significant challenge for couples striving to conceive, encompassing various reproductive disorders and physiological factors that hinder successful pregnancy. Understanding the complexities of female infertility is essential for guiding diagnostic evaluation and implementing personalized treatment interventions.
Female infertility can arise from diverse etiological factors, including:
Irregular or absent ovulation, often attributed to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hypothalamic amenorrhea.
Anatomical issues within the reproductive system, such as uterine septum, polyps, or adhesions, may impair fertility and causes endometriosis.
Hormonal imbalances, including thyroid dysfunction or insulin resistance, can disrupt the menstrual cycle and ovulatory function.
Advancing age reduces ovarian reserve and quality, decreasing the likelihood of successful conception.
Infections or inflammation of the reproductive organs, often resulting from sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can lead to scarring and tubal damage and block.
In some cases, despite thorough evaluation, the underlying cause of infertility remains unidentified.
Symptoms of female infertility may include:
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Diagnostic evaluation for female infertility typically involves a comprehensive assessment of reproductive function and anatomy. Common tests and procedures include:
Tracking menstrual cycles, basal body temperature, or using ovulation predictor kits to assess ovulatory function, ultrasound and follicle monitoring.
Evaluating hormone levels, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, thyroid hormones, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH).
Transvaginal ultrasound or sonosalpingography (SSG) may be performed to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes for structural abnormalities or blockages.
Minimally invasive procedures that allow direct visualization of the reproductive organs and may be used to diagnose and treat conditions such as uterine fibroids, polyps, or endometriosis.
Assessing ovarian reserve through blood tests for AMH, FSH and antral follicle count (AFC) via ultrasound helps predict ovarian function and response to fertility treatment.
MBBS, MD – Obstetrics & Gynecology
Dr. Neelam Mishra is a highly qualified medical professional with an extensive background in obstetrics and gynaecology. She completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynecology from the prestigious University College of Medical Sciences, located in Shahadra, New Delhi. With a solid foundation in medical education and training, Dr. Mishra further honed her expertise by specialising in infertility and embryology.
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Common causes include ovulatory disorders, structural abnormalities, endocrine disorders, irregular periods, endometriosis, etc.
Different risk factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and other medical conditions like thyroid, PCOS, STIs (sexually transmitted infections) or PID (pelvic inflammatory disease).
Various diagnostic tests help to diagnose infertility. Tests include ovulation monitoring, hormone testing, imaging studies, laparoscopy, and ovarian reserve testing.
To increase fertility, live a healthy lifestyle by eating a balanced diet such as eating foods rich in vitamin C, iron, protein and high-fat dairy. In addition, regularly exercising can also increase the chance of fertility.
If you and your partner have been trying to conceive for a year without success, then you should visit a doctor.
The success rates of fertility treatments depend on different factors, including the type of treatment, the age of the woman, the cause of infertility, and the specific clinic performing the treatment.
Yes, excess stress can affect your hormone levels and ovulation, leading to the chances of infertility. Therefore, managing stress not only helps to maintain reproductive health but also your overall health.
